倒装 (1)
1、部分倒装(助动词倒装)
是指把谓语的一部分(助动词)提到主语的前面。例:
Never in my life have I seen such a thing.
1)句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时,句子要部分倒装。
( not , not only , never , little , seldom , hardly... )
2)hardly ( scarcely ) , no sooner 引导的部分在句首要部分倒装。
3)not only ... but also ... 引导两个并列句,前倒后不倒。
4)only在句首引导状语,或Not until 引导的状语在句首,主句要部分倒装。
5)if 从句中如有 were ( had , should ) , if 省去后,要部分倒装。
6)as 引导的让步状语从句,要部分倒装表语、状语倒装)。
7)状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡,或使上下文紧密衔接,句子要部分倒装.
8) so … that … 结构中,如果so在句首,主句要部分倒装。注意,so必须和它修饰的
形容词或副词一道移至句首。
倒装 (2)
2、完全倒装(主谓倒装)
是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。例:
In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.
1)由here , there , now , then ... 引导的句子,要完全倒装。
2)句首是拟声词、直接引语或 away , down ,out, in, up等副词,句子要完全倒装。
(以上两种情况中的主语如是代词则不倒装)
3)介词短语作地点状语在句首,句子要完全倒装。
4) 当形容词、过去分词、介词短语做表语位于句首时,要完全倒装。
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
5)So do ( am ) I . 或Nor ( Neither) do (am ) I. 是完全倒装,其主句与前一句
的主语各是一人。
省略与替代(1)
一、动词不定式中的省略
1.在下列动词see ,watch ,notice , observe , look at , make , have ,let , hear , listen to , feel等后的不定式做宾补,要省略不定式符号。
2.在...do nothing but / except do ...的结构中,在介词but或except后作宾语时不定式符号要省略。
3.在would rather和had better后不定式符号要省略。
4.在几个不定式并列时,第二个、第三个不定式的不定式符号要省略。
5.在expect ,forget , like ,want , wish , try , have , need , used , ought , be able ,be going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中,不定式符号后面的动词原形常省略。
二、从句中的省略。
1. 在if , as if ,while , when , where , although , unless , what , whether等引起的状语从句中可以省略主谓部分。
Mistakes, if any ,should be corrected .( = if there are any mistakes)
Please come again ,if possible.(= if it possible for you to come)
Fill in the proper articles where necessary.(= where they are necessary)
He won't come ,unless invited .(= unless he is invited)
He opened his lips as if to say something .(= as if he were going









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