试题下载

同步教学

备课中心

高考备考

语法词汇
高考英语语法专题讲练-情态动词和虚拟语气

【下载须知】

1. 本站提供的资料仅可用于学校课堂教学;
2. 本站提供的资料可能存在错误,请知晓;
3. 如侵权请联系站长:jxenglish2006#163.com

If download failed, please click here to refresh and try again
高考英语语法专题讲练-情态动词和虚拟语气
资料类型:    资料大小:453KB    资料来源:网络整理    上传时间:2020-08-02
资料预览
  情态动词和虚拟语气

  【考点分析】

  情态动词

  1.考查情态动词的基本用法

  ①shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等;may表示"允许、可以",语气比较委婉。

  ②must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为"偏偏,偏要",mustn't表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告。cannot 表示"不可能";need not 表示"不必要";may not 表示"可能不,可以不"。

  ③needn't表示"没有必要"

  ④would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向

  ⑤表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/were able to,而不能用could;could还可以表示过去的某种能力

  ⑥考查情态动词用作答语的情况

  2.考查情态动词+动词不定式一般式表推测的用法

  ①肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的语气最强,译为"肯定"、should的语气次之,译为"很可能"、"应该";按常理推测的may(might),could语气最弱,译为"也许"。

  ②否定的推测:语气不很肯定时,常用may not,might not或could not,译为"可能不""也许不";否定语气较强时,则用can't,译为"根本不可能"、"想必不会",表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩

  ③疑问句中推测往往用can或could

  3.考查情态动词+动词不定式的完成式表推测的用法

  4.考查情态动词+动词不定式完成式的其他用法

  ①should(ought to)+不定式的完成式:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。

  ②needn't+不定式的完成式:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了

  ③could+不定式的完成式:本可以做而实际上未能做,含有遗憾的意味

  虚拟语气

  1.虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法

①与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句②与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句

③与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句

  2.虚拟语气的活用

  ①时间错综虚拟结构

  ②省略if的虚拟结构

  ③并列连词或副词暗示的虚拟结构

  ④介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构

  ⑤as if / as though方式状语从句中的虚拟语气

  ⑥名词性从句中的虚拟语气

  ⑦分词短语暗示的虚拟结构

  ⑧上下文语境中的虚拟结构

  【知识点归纳】

  I.情态动词

  1.表示"能力、许可"的can /may

  ①表示能力的情态动词用can/could

  A computer_____think for itself, it must be told what to do.

  A.can't B.couldn't C.may not D.might not

  ②表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以,但在问句中用could…?

  或might…? 以使口气委婉客气,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口气明确(must表示一定,必须,mustn't表示禁止,不许可)

  -Could I call you by your first name? -Yes, you______

  A.will B.could C.may D.might

  Johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself.

  A. won't/can't B.mustn't/may C.shouldn't/must D.can't/shouldn't

  ③在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力,而要用was/were able to。

  如不可以说:They could jump into the sea before the boat was blown up

  而要说:they were able to/managed to jump into…

  The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_____get out.

  A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to

  但在否定句中could/was(were)able to可以通用:

  I couldn't/wasn't able to see him yeaterday.

  ④表示许可时用may/can都可以。只不过用may时较侧重讲话人的许可,而can较侧重客观情况的许可,must则表示必须做某事。

  2.表示"推断、判断"的can,may,must

  ①在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最为肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性:

  Peter______come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

  A.must B.may C.can D.will

  而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性:Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.

  ②在否定句中只能用can和may。此时can't用以代替mustn't,语气比may not更强。can't中文可以翻译为"不可能"、may not中文可以翻译为"可能不"。

  Michael______be a policeman, for he's much too short.

  A.needn't B.can't C.should D.may

  ③在疑问句只能用can,不能用may和must

  He may be very busy now.    Can he be very busy now?

  He must be very busy now.   Can he be very busy now?

  3.表示"请求、提议"(用在疑问句中)的can和could,这时could比can语气更婉转

  Can(Could)you give me a lift to the station?

  你(您)能不能让我搭你(您)的车去车站呀?

  4.表示"惊讶、怀疑"(用在疑问句中)的can和could,这时could比can语气更婉转

  Who can it be at this time of day?这个时候到底会是谁呢?

  5.构成下列特殊句式的can

  ①can not/can never…too… cannot…enough"无论怎么……也不为过分,越……越好,非常……"

  Since it is a good thing,we cannot do it too soon.

  既然是好事情,我们越早开始做越好。

②can't help doing…,cannot help but do…,cannot but do…"禁不住,不由得,不得不"

I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it.每当我看到这幅画时,我都禁不住要鉴赏它。

  When a close friend dies,you cannot but feel sad.

  亲密的朋友去世时,你会不由得感到悲伤。

  6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此时句子用倒装语序

  May he live to an old age!愿他长命百岁!May God be with you!愿上帝保佑你!

7.shall/should

用于人称意义

Shall第一、三人称征求对方的意见

第二、三人称说话人给对方的警告、命令、允诺、威胁

用于法律、法规等条文中应……,须……,得……

  What shall we do this evening?

  注意:may用于征求对方的许可,而shall用于征求对方的意见或指示:

  May I have a look?我能看一看吗?

  Shall I have a look?需要我看一看吗?

  You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告)

  He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺)

  He shall be punished.(威胁)

  The fine shall be given in cash.罚款须以现金缴纳。

should 意义

①(表义务、责任的)应该

②(表预期的)应该会,想必会,一定……会把

③(表惊讶、遗憾的)竟然、居然

④(与疑问词连用,表意外、惊讶、纳闷等的)究竟是,到底

⑤(用于表示命令、建议、请求等词后面的that从句中,且should可以省略)应该,必须

  ①You should apologize to him.

  ②The photos should be ready by 12:00.

  ③I'm surprised that you should speak in such a way.

  ④Who should ccome in but my old friend Betty.我当究竟是谁进来了呢,原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀。

  ⑤I suggested that he (should)change his mind.

  My suggestion was that he (should)change his mind.

  注意:ought to表示 "应该" (与should同义, 只是语气稍重一些), 也可表示推测。

  You ought to take care of him.

  He ought to be home by now.

  8.will/would

  ①请求、建议,would比will委婉客气

  Would you pass me the book?

  ②表示意志、愿望和决心

  I will never do that again.

  They asked us if we would do that again

  ③可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向

  During the vacation he would visit me every week

  The wound would not heal.

  ④表示估计或猜想

  It would be about ten when he left home.

  What would she be doing there?

  9.dare和need

  ①need作为情态动词只有一种形式,只用于否定句和疑问句。

  ②dare作为情态动词用时有两中形式:dare和dared两个词形。

  除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外,还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。

  If he dare come,I will kick him out.

  I don't know whether he dare say.

  Note:He doesn't dare(to)answer the question.

  Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?

  10.情态动词+have done的用法

  ①could+have done:本可以做而实际上未能做

  You could have done better, but you didn't try your best.

  ②cannot+have done:表示对过去行为的否定推测

  He cannot have been to that town.

  ③ca

点击进入下载页面
(嘉兴)高中英语教学网 | www.jxenglish.com
站长:随心飞扬 | Email:jxenglish2006#163.com
本站为个人网站,所提供的英语教学资料仅供学校课堂教学及学习用
浙ICP备05071603号 | 浙公网安备 33049802000029号