高考英语专题讲练二：代词和数词

　　代词和数词

　　【考点分析】

　　代词

　　1.人称代词主格与宾格的用法;

　　2.名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法;

　　3.反身代词的用法;

　　4.指示代词this, that, these, those的用法;

　　5.表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较;

　　6.some,any的用法辨析;

　　7.each, every的用法辨析;

　　8.(a) little,(a)few,a bit的用法辨析;

　　9.替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法辨析;

　　10.another, (the) other(s), else; the rest的用法辨析;

　　11.every-,some-,any-,no-与thing,-one,-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。

　　数词

　　1.基数词的确指和不确指;

　　2.数词与主谓一致关系;

　　3.dozen和score的用法;

　　4.序数词与冠词的连用。

　　【知识点归纳】

　　(一)代词

　　代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大灵活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是1)机械地套用语法规则;2)用汉语思维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。

　　I.代词的分类

单数复数

第一

人称第二

人称第三

人称第一

人称第二

人称第三

人称

人称代词主格Iyouhe she itweyouthey

宾格meyouhim her itusYouthem

物主代词形容

词性myyourhis her itsouryourtheir

名词性mineyourshis hers itsoursyourstheirs

反身代词myselfyourselfhimself herself itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves

指示代词this that suchthese those such

相互代词宾格each other    one another

所有格each other's   one another's

不定代词可数one each, many,  (a) few ,both, another, either., neither

不可数much, (a) little

可数不可数any other all some

复合

不定代词anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything  everybody  nobody  nothing

疑问代词who whom whose which what

连接代词who whom whose which what（参见专题八）

关系代词who whom whose which that（参见专题八）

　　II.代词的用法

　　1.人称代词

　　①在句中作主语,用主格，在句中作宾语,则用宾格;

　　She teaches them physics.

　　②在句中作表语,常用宾格;

　　Who is it? It's me.

　　但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story.

　　在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。

　　③两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时,其顺序是：

　　单数按2,3,1人称排列，复数按1,2,3人称顺序排列。

　　you, she and I ; we, you and they

　　2.物主代词

　　①形容词性物主代词只能作宾语

　　We love our motherland.

　　②名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语

　　Your coat is black while mine is red.

　　3.反身代词

　　①用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语

　　He teaches himself Japanese every evening.(宾语)

　　She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。(表语)

　　I myself can repair the bike.(主语的同位语)

　　②常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳

　　by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己

　　be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快

　　seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿

　　devote oneself to专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气

　　come to oneself苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气

　　4.指示代词

　　①this和that是近指, that和those 是远指

　　I don't want this book. I want that one.

　　②有时为了避免重复,常用that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词

　　At this time of year, the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing.

　　③this和that都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用that指代较后面的用this;但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用this，不能用that。此外，还可用于代替上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词，且后面带有of短语修饰。

　　Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.

　　健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中this=wealth;that=health)

　　They cant afford it.That/this is their problem.

　　What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this不能用that替换)

　　The popula tion of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou.

　　④such的用法

　　such 一般在句中作定语和主语.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。

　　Such is my answer.

　　Such are the results of the exams.

　　I have never seen such beautiful flowers.

　　用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在such之后such a good book。

　　5.相互代词

　　①在句中可作宾语

　　They help each other and learn from each other.

　　②加's后成为所有格,作定语

　　They asked about one another's life and work.

　　6.不定代词

不定代词种类较多,在使用时应注意其用法与区别。为了便于记忆我们择其重点以表格的形式列出。

不定代词区  别例  句

one, some，

any和itone可以泛指人或者事（东西），其复数为ones。①We've been looking at the houses but haven't found ___ we like yet. 

A.one      B.ones         C.it       D.them 

②Cars do cause us some health problems - in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do. 

A.one       B.ones       C.it        D.those 

some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。-Your coffee smells great!  -It's from Mexico．Would you like ________?

A.it           B.some       C.this       D.1ittle

some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。①I have read this article in some magazine.  Please correct the mista kes, if any.

②-Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?   

-________way as you please.

A.Each        B.Every         C.Any       D.Either

one指同类中的一个，it指代同一种类的东西。记住下列三点区别：

①it =the /this/ my…+单数名词

one =a/an+单数名词

②it代替特定的单数名词

one代替不特定的单数名词

③one之前加上定冠词the可以表示特指,one前如有形容词修饰,之前还可以加上不定冠词,但是it之前既不能加冠词也不能加形容词修饰。①-There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow     ? 

-No, I'd rather buy      in the bookstore. 

A.it;one    B.one;one    C.one;it        D.it;it

②This film is an interesting one.

③Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best.

some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。①There's ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________. 

A.1ittle,some          B.1ittle,any

C.a little,some         D.a little, any

②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________.

A.none       B.either      C.any       D.each

③He doesn't have _________ furniture in his room --jus t an old desk.

A. any       B. many      C. some     D. much

each和everyeach强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。①Each student has a pocket dictionary.

Each (of us) has a dictionary.= We each have a dictionary.

②Every student has strong and weak points. 

Every one of us has strong and weak points.