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高考英语语法精讲精练-名词性从句

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高考英语语法精讲精练-名词性从句
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高考英语二轮语法词汇复习系列  

第十章 名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

  高考重点要求:

1、掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构

2、弄清名词性从句的连词的用法和意义

3、根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词


第一节知识点概述


 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为两类:

1. 名词性that从句,即以that为连接词的名词性从句。that只能起连接主句和从句的作用,不充当从句的任何成分,无词义。

2. 名词性wh-从句,即以wh-词连接的名词性从句。Wh-词包括:

  连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

  连接副词:when, where, how, why

连接词whether, if不充当句子的任何成分。


 二、主语从句

1. 用作主语的从句叫主语从句。that从句作主语,that不能省略。

▲That he likes such kind of books is very interesting.他喜欢这种书是非常有趣的。

    ▲Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否能够来仍然是一个问题。

▲What he is looking for is none of your business. 他在找什么与你无关。

    2. 很多主语从句都可以用that作形式主语。例如:

It is very interesting that he likes such kind of books.

It remains a question whether he will be able to come.

3. It作形式主语主要包括以下几种类型和搭配关系:

  1)It + be + adj. + 从句

         It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.

      2)It + be + n. + 从句

         It is a pity that he missed the lecture.

  3)It + be + 过去分词 + 从句

         It is said that they have won the game.

  4)It + be + vi. + 从句

     It seems that something is wrong with the computer.


 三、表语从句

表语从句在句中作表语,它位于主句的联系动词之后。that从句作表语,that不能省略。表语从句只用whether,不用if。

▲The problem is that smokers cannot go without smoking. 问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。

▲The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。

▲This is where he has worked for years. 这就是他多年工作的地方。


 四、宾语从句

宾语从句在句中作宾语,引导宾语从句的that可以省略。whether和if可互换,但介词宾语或有or not时,用whether.

▲They know that the habit may kill them. 他们知道这个习惯能使他们致死。

▲They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student. 他们怀疑Jack是否是一个好学生。

▲They wanted to see which shops offered the best advice and service. 他们想了解哪家店提出的建议和提供的服务最好。


 五、同位语从句

同位语从句中先行词不充当从句成分,从句是用来解释先行词的内容。That从句作同位语,that不能省略。

▲Word came that our football team had won the match. 消息传来,我们的足球队赢了比赛。

▲May I ask a question when the meeting will be held? 我能否问个问题,会议什么时候举行?


  

第二节 实战演练

 一、复习时需注意的要点

1. 由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语

2. 主句和从句要保持时态上的一致性,从句还要保持陈述句语序。

3. 当从句是由选择问句转化而成时,一定要用whether构成whether...or结构。

4. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:

  It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。

  It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。

  

  用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:

  a. It + be + adj. + that从句

   It is necessary that…    有必要……

   It is important that…    重要的是……

   It is obvious that…     很明显……


  b. It + be + 过去分词 + that从句

   It is believed that…     人们相信……

   It is known to all that…  从所周知……

   It has been decided that…   已决定……


  c. It + be + n. + that从句   It is common knowledge that…  ……是常识

   It is a surprise that…   令人惊奇的是……

   It is a fact that…     事实是……


  d. It + be + vi. + that从句

It appears that…      似乎……

It happens that…      碰巧……

It occurred to me that…   我突然想起……

5. 选择性疑问从句

  选择性疑问从句由关联词whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如:

  Please tell me whether they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。

  I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。


 二、历届高考试题分析

例1、_____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

    A. What is requiredB. What requires

    C. It is requiredD. It requires

答案为C

【解析】  本句的结构为It is +动词的过去分词+that 引导主语从句。经常用于这种结构的动词还有say, report, think, hope, expect, consider, suggest等。


例2、There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _________ road conditions need_________.

A. that ...to be improved        B. which...to be improved

C. where ...improving            D .when...improving

答案为A。

【解析】  考查同位语从句。因为先行词在从句中不作任何成份,因此用关系词that,故B、C、D均不正确。对于第2个空格,need既可作实义动词,又可作情态动词。作实义动词时后跟动词不定式,即need to do sth.,另外 road conditions与improve之间是被动关系,因此是need to be improved(need to be done=need doing)。译文:私家车受欢迎所涉及到的新问题是道路状况需要改善。  


例3、_________made the school proud was_________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. 

A. What; because      B. What; that      C. That; what      D.That; because

答案为B。

【解析】  what引导主语从句,在主语从句中作主语;that引导表语从句,在表语从句中起连接作用。


例4、There's a feeling in me  _______we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever.

A. that          B. which         C. of which         D. what

答案为A。

【解析】  同位语从句that we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever作a feeling的同位语,解释a feeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时,只起连接作用不作从句的任何成分。译文:我有一个这样的感觉,我们不会知道什么是UFO--永远不会。


例5、Perseverance is a kind of quality-and that's  _______ it takes to do anything well.

A. what          B. that         C. which         D. why

答案为A。

【解析】  这是一个表语从句,what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成"It takes sth. to do sth."的句型。译文:坚定不移是一种品质--坚定不移使人们做好任何事情。 


例6、When you answer questio

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