第十章 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
高考重点要求:
1、掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构
2、弄清名词性从句的连词的用法和意义
3、根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词
第一节知识点概述
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为两类:
1. 名词性that从句,即以that为连接词的名词性从句。that只能起连接主句和从句的作用,不充当从句的任何成分,无词义。
2. 名词性wh-从句,即以wh-词连接的名词性从句。Wh-词包括:
连接代词:who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词:when, where, how, why
连接词whether, if不充当句子的任何成分。
二、主语从句
1. 用作主语的从句叫主语从句。that从句作主语,that不能省略。
▲That he likes such kind of books is very interesting.他喜欢这种书是非常有趣的。
▲Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否能够来仍然是一个问题。
▲What he is looking for is none of your business. 他在找什么与你无关。
2. 很多主语从句都可以用that作形式主语。例如:
It is very interesting that he likes such kind of books.
It remains a question whether he will be able to come.
3. It作形式主语主要包括以下几种类型和搭配关系:
1)It + be + adj. + 从句
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
2)It + be + n. + 从句
It is a pity that he missed the lecture.
3)It + be + 过去分词 + 从句
It is said that they have won the game.
4)It + be + vi. + 从句
It seems that something is wrong with the computer.
三、表语从句
表语从句在句中作表语,它位于主句的联系动词之后。that从句作表语,that不能省略。表语从句只用whether,不用if。
▲The problem is that smokers cannot go without smoking. 问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。
▲The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。
▲This is where he has worked for years. 这就是他多年工作的地方。
四、宾语从句
宾语从句在句中作宾语,引导宾语从句的that可以省略。whether和if可互换,但介词宾语或有or not时,用whether.
▲They know that the habit may kill them. 他们知道这个习惯能使他们致死。
▲They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student. 他们怀疑Jack是否是一个好学生。
▲They wanted to see which shops offered the best advice and service. 他们想了解哪家店提出的建议和提供的服务最好。
五、同位语从句
同位语从句中先行词不充当从句成分,从句是用来解释先行词的内容。That从句作同位语,that不能省略。
▲Word came that our football team had won the match. 消息传来,我们的足球队赢了比赛。
▲May I ask a question when the meeting will be held? 我能否问个问题,会议什么时候举行?
第二节 实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1. 由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语
2. 主句和从句要保持时态上的一致性,从句还要保持陈述句语序。
3. 当从句是由选择问句转化而成时,一定要用whether构成whether...or结构。
4. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be + adj. + that从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be + n. + that从句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It + be + vi. + that从句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
5. 选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、_____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. What is requiredB. What requires
C. It is requiredD. It requires
答案为C
【解析】 本句的结构为It is +动词的过去分词+that 引导主语从句。经常用于这种结构的动词还有say, report, think, hope, expect, consider, suggest等。
例2、There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _________ road conditions need_________.
A. that ...to be improved B. which...to be improved
C. where ...improving D .when...improving
答案为A。
【解析】 考查同位语从句。因为先行词在从句中不作任何成份,因此用关系词that,故B、C、D均不正确。对于第2个空格,need既可作实义动词,又可作情态动词。作实义动词时后跟动词不定式,即need to do sth.,另外 road conditions与improve之间是被动关系,因此是need to be improved(need to be done=need doing)。译文:私家车受欢迎所涉及到的新问题是道路状况需要改善。
例3、_________made the school proud was_________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D.That; because
答案为B。
【解析】 what引导主语从句,在主语从句中作主语;that引导表语从句,在表语从句中起连接作用。
例4、There's a feeling in me _______we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
答案为A。
【解析】 同位语从句that we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever作a feeling的同位语,解释a feeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时,只起连接作用不作从句的任何成分。译文:我有一个这样的感觉,我们不会知道什么是UFO--永远不会。
例5、Perseverance is a kind of quality-and that's _______ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
答案为A。
【解析】 这是一个表语从句,what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成"It takes sth. to do sth."的句型。译文:坚定不移是一种品质--坚定不移使人们做好任何事情。
例6、When you answer questio









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