Chapter 1、Article冠词

A. 不定冠词的意义：

1.

1)区别one 和a, a强调后面的名词，而one 强调本身个数:

It will take us more than a year.

It will take us more than one year.

Can a boy do that? No, but a man can.

Can one boy do that? No, but two boy can.

2)不定冠词有时表the same/one and the same

They are nearly of an age.

Your shoes and mine anr a size.

3) The indefinite article sometimes means "such a"(不定冠词有时表such a)

He is a man that must be treated kindly.

It was a sight that would attract a large number of visitors.

2. The Repetition of Article:

1) 

a black and a white dog

a black and white dog

a journalist and an author

a journalist and author

a German and an English Dictionary

a German and English Dictinary

He became____husband and ____father before he was out of his teens.

A. a, a                   B. a, /

C. /, a                   D. /, /

2) 

When we regard two things as a whole, we used only one article:

a watch and chain

a neeld and thread

a cup and saucer

a carriage and four

a rod and line

Give me a knife and fork, please.

a king and queen(一对夫妇)

a king and a queen（可能是两个国家的，没有关系的两个人）

I saw a gentlman and lady walking together.

A doctor and nurse were provide for them.（当用were时，两个人有合作关系，所以可省略一个冠词，当用was时，就是一个人（医生兼护士）

B. The use of Article

A cat likes fish.

The cat likes fish.

Cats likes fish.

A sleeping fox counts hens in his dreams.

Galileo claimed that he had invented the telescope.

In winter, birds fly to the south.

Man is the only creature that has developed the power of speech.

The small shopkeeper is finding life in creasingly difficult.

The wise look to the wiser for advice.（the+adj可指一类人，其中包括形容词的比较级）

C.

1. The use of the difinitive article

Ann is in the garden.（说话人与听话人都知道所指的…）

Please pass me the wine.

His car struck a tree; you can still see the mark on the tree.

2.表方位的名词前用定冠词

The sun rises in the east.

I am going to the south.

I am going south.

To the north of the town, there is a lake.

North of the town, there is a lake.

3.序数词

1)当在名词前作定语时,前加the :

The third room is much brighter than the fifth(room).

Does our class come out first in the game?

2)当在V. 后作状语时,前不加the:

There are six men in the room. One is blind; another(or second) is a deaf; a third is damb; a fourth is lame… the other(最后一个用)

4. 

He was not in China in the fifties.

I think he's somewhere in the thirties.

5. 强调部位时用the:

He seized the child's collar.

He seized the child by the collar.

The dog bit him in the leg.

The dog licked his hand.

The minister kissed____.

A. the Queen's hand

B. the Queen on the hand

He kissed his son on the forehead.

6.定冠词+普通名词,表抽象折概念

The pen is mighter than the sword.(文胜于武)

Peter is too fond of the bottle.

He gave up the sword for the plough.(弃甲归田)

He forgot the judge in the father.

All the father rose in my heart.

the head 

the heart

the stage

7.形容词最高级前加定冠词

That is the deepest part of the river.

The river is deepest at this point.

She is the busiest of the family.

She was busiest last week.

8.世界上独一无二的东西前用the

the sun

the moon

D. The Omission of Articles:

1. Before abstract nouns:(usually)

Chinese history

English literature

Jacob is a man of great strength.

Exception

A knowledge of language is always useful.

After a swim, she had a rest.

He spoke with an enthusiasm which inspired all of us.

He had an exciting experience.(=an adventure) last night.

2. before material nouns(usually)

Raw robber looks like milk.

There was a heavy rain last night.

She served each of us a coffee.

She has built a fire in the next room.

When the sun or the moon is an the horizon, it looks bigger and more beautiful.

A new moon is hanging high in the sky.

Look? A big red sun is rising.

3.

He went to bed.

He went to the bed.

My son has gone to school.

He comes to the school some times to speak to the head master.

We returned from work/school/market/church.

They are at sea.(=in a ship, but not necessarily as sailors)

They are at the sea.(=at the seaside)

He goes to work.

He goes to the work.

be in office = hold an official position

be out of office = to be no longer in power

4．without difinite article:

1).home, town

2).church, prison, school, college, university, court, market, hospital

3).bed, work

(exception: cathedral, office)

5．with definite article:

1). mass communication: the news, the radio, the press, the newspaper, the television etc.

What's in the paper(s)/on the radio/on (the) TV this evening?

2). recreational places: the cinema, the theatre, the concert, the pictures etc.

My sister goes to the theatre every month.

3). Modern transport and communication: the bus, the train, the post(UK), the mail(US), the internet, the telephone etc.

6. before names of meals:

I was invited to dinner.(= at their house, in the ordinary way)

I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassdor.

The dinner given in honour of the quests was magnificent.

She arrived before supper.

The supper was cold.

7.

It's very cold in winter.

We play football in (the) winter.

I went fishing during the summer.

(When regarded as a part of the year, it used the definitiv