比较级和最高级及其使用

形容词的比较级和最高级

说 明 例 词

 一般情况加er, estsmaller,smallest

 以e 结尾加r,stlarger,largest

单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est以"辅音字母+y "结尾的词改y为i，再加er,estbusier,busiest

 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加er,estfatter,fattest

 以ow,er结尾的双音节词加er ,estnarrower,narrowest　　cleverer,clevest

多数双音节和多音节的词加more most more beautiful,　　most important　　

副词的比较级和最高级

　　1．大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。

　　2．少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。

　　几个特殊的形容词和副词

原级比较级 最高级

good ,wellbetterbest

bad, ill, badlyworseworst

many ,muchmoremost

littlelessleast

farfarther, furtherfarthest,further

oldolder, elderoldest, eldest

比较级和最高级的常用句型 

名称句型 例句

相等as 原形 as 　　 (as 原形+名词 as )The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.　He has not as much money as his friend.

不及not as(so) 原形 as 　　(not as+名词+原形 as )She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.

 比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.

超越the +比较级+of the two　　两者中较… 的一个He is the taller of the two.

用于否定no +比较级+than 　　和…一样不He is no richer than I.　　他和我一样不富有。

用于否定最…不过His work couldn't be worse.　　他的工作再糟糕不过了。

程度递增er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越…)higher and higher more and more important 

两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the+比较级　　（越…，越…）The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave.

三者或三者以上比较the +最高级+of/in+比较范围　　（…之中最…）Of all things in the world, people are the precious.

比较级结构的修饰语

　　1．用于原级之前：

　　almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.

　　John is almost as tall as you.

　　The river is three times as long as that one.

　　We have a third as many students as we had last term.

　　2．用于比较级前

　　many, a few (用于"more +可数名词"前) 

　　It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.

　　a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.

　　It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.

　　We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.

　　3．用于形容词和最高级前

　　the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second

　　This hat is by far the largest in the world.

　　Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .

位置与功能

高考重点要求

　　1．掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法

　　2．掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。

　　3．注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。

　　4．分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。

　　此项语法内容从1991年到达2001年间共出现45次（包括上海题），可见其重要。

　　形容词作用与位置

　　1．定语。 

　　在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。

　　"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：

　　限（冠词数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）

　　an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella

　　做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。

　　2．表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。

　　常见系动词有：be 

　　变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go

　　保持系词： keep ,remain, stay

　　感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.

　　3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。

　　He went to bed , cold and hungry. 

　　 4.做宾补。

　　N：①某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。

　　afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive

　　②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语

　　well, ill faint

　　③某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。

　　friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。

　　④复合形容词的形式问题。

　　an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man

　　副词

　　位置

　　1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。

　　They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.

　　2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点

　　always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之 后。

　　He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.

　　3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough除外）

　　He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.

　　N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。

　　closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。

　　以ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。

　　He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)

　　He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飞得高，具有可见性）

练习、形容词和副词

高考题选：

1. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three. (MET88)

　　 A. most cleverest 　　B. more clever 　　C. cleverest 　　D. cleverer

2. The students are___ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88)

　　 A. most 　　B. almost 　　C. mostly 　　D. at most

3. She told us ___story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88)

　　 A. such an interesting 　　B. such interesting a

　　 C. so an interesting 　　D. a so interesting

4. It is impossible for so___ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88)

　　 A. few, much 　　B. few, many 　　C. little, much 　　D. little, many

5. The horse is getting old and can't run ___ it did. (MET88)

　　 A. as faster as 　　B. so fast than 　　C. so fast as 　　D. as fast as

6. The story sounds___ . (MET89)

　　 A. to be true 　　B. as true 　　C. being true 　　D. true

7. I'd been expecting ___ letters the whole morning, but there weren't ___ for me. (MET89)

　　 A. some; any 　　B. many; a few 　　C. some; one 　　D. a few; none

8. This year they have produced ___ grain ___ they did last year. (MET89)

　　 A. as less; as 　　B. as few; as 　　C. less; than 　　D. fewer; than

9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90) 

　　 A. as twice many 　　B. as many twice