高中英语复合句中的相似句
一、相似句典例
1. a. Is this the research center ______ you visited the modern equipment last year?
b. Is this research center ______ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. what B. that C. where D. which
析: a 答案为 C。译:这是你(们)去年在该处参观现代化设备的研究中心吗?
这是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。该句主语是 this,表语是 the research center。 我们首先确定先行词是 the research center,它和定语从句形成了这样的逻辑关系:... visited the modern equipment in the research center. 或者我们可以理解为:定语从句缺少地点状语,这个状语就是 in the research center(= in which = where)那么此题答案只能是 C,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。D 选项中缺少了介词 in。
b 答案为 C。译:这个研究中心是你(们)去年参观现代化设备的地方吗?
这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。该句主语是 this research center,因为 research center 前须有限定词 this 修饰。这样一来,is 后就是一个表语从句了。选 A 时 what 与 the modern equipment 同时作 visited 的宾语,成分重复、多余,故排除;选 B 时 that 引导的从句是一个陈述的事实(你(们)去年参观了现代化设备),主语、表语搭配不当,故排除;D 选项无论从语法还是含义均不符合英语表达习惯。
2.a. Is this the research center ______ you visited last year?
b. Is this research center ______ you visited last year?
A. what B. that C. where D. which
析: a 答案为 B 或 D。译:这是你(们)去年参观的那个研究中心吗?
这是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。该句主语是 this,表语是 the research center,定语从句修饰的先行词是 the research center,它和定语从句形成了这样的逻辑关系:... visited the research center. 或者我们可以理解为:定语从句缺少的是谓语动词 visited 的宾语,这个宾语就是 the research center,所以空白处应选填关系代词 that 或 which 引导定语从句且作宾语。
b 答案为 A。译:这个研究中心是你(们)去年参观的那个吗?
这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。该句主语是 this research center,is 后是一个表语从句,且从句部分缺少宾语,所以所选连接词必须能作 visited 的宾语。B、C 两个选项能引导表语从句,但 that 在从句中不作成分,没有含义;where 引导从句在从句中一般作状语,因此 B、C 排除。D 项能引导表语从句,且在从句中作宾语,但含义是"哪一个",与题意不符。综上所述,答案为 A,what 此处相当于 the one (that), 含义是:"……的那一个"。
3.a. Is this the research center _____ you paid a visit to last year?
b. Is this/ the research center _____ you paid a visit last year?
A. what B. that C. where D. which
析:a 答案为 B 或 D。译:这是你(们)去年参观的那个研究中心吗?
解释同上述第 2 题 a,只不过此题关系代词在定语从句中作介词 to 的宾语。
b 答案为 C。译:这个研究中心是你(们)在那儿进行参观的地方吗?
该句主语是 this/ the research center,this 或 the 是 research center 的限定语,二者不可分开。paid a visit 是一个不及物的短语动词,因此不能选 what, that, which 作它的宾语。where 在这里引导表语从句,是一个连词,译作:"……的地方"。
试对比下列两句中 where 的用法:
Is this research center where you paid a visit last year?
where 是一个连接词,引导表语从句
Is this research center the place where you paid a visit last year?
where 是一个关系副词,引导定语从句
上述两句意思相同:这个研究中心是你(们)去年参观的地方吗?
连接词 where = the place where(关系副词) + 主语 + 不及物动词或系动词。
4.a. Is this the day______ you visited the modern equipment last year?
b. Is this the day ______ you spent together last year?
c. Is this day ______ you spent together last year?
d. Is this/ the day_______ you stayed in Beijing last year?
A. what B. that C. when D. which
析:a. 答案为 C。译:这就是你(们)去年参观现代化设备的那一天吗?
该句主语是 this,表语是 the day, 我们首先确定先行词是 the day,它和定语从句部分形成了这样的逻辑关系:... visited the modern equipment on the day. 或者我们可以理解为:定语从句缺少地点状语,这个状语就是 on the day(= on which = when)那么此题答案只能是 C,D 中缺少了介词 on。
b 答案为 B 或 D。译:这就是你们去年在一起度过的那一天吗?
解释同 2 中的 a 句,和 visited 一样,这里 spent 为及物动词,它和 the day 形成动宾关系,所以应由关系代词 that 或 which 来引导定语从句。
c 答案为 A。译:这一天就是你们去年在一起度过的那一天吗?
解释同 2 中的 b 句,主语是 this day,what 引导表语从句且在从句中作 spent 的宾语。
d 答案为 C。译:这一天就是你(们)去年呆在北京的那一天吗?
解释同 3 中的 b 句,定语从句部分和先行词形成了这样的逻辑关系:... stayed in Beijing on the day.( on the day = on which = when),因此,答案为 C。
二、变换句式,轻松理解
如果我们将上述三组句子变成陈述语序的答语,看起来就更直观些。
1.This is the research center ______ we/I visited the modern equipment last year.
2.This research center is ______ we/I visited the modern equipment last year.
3.This is the research center ______ we/I visited last year.
4.This research center is ______ we/I visited last year.
5.This is the research center _____ we/I paid a visit to last year.
6.This/The research center is _____ we/I paid a visit last year.
7.This is the day ______ we/I visited the modern equipment last year.
8.This is the day ______ we spent together last year.
9.This day is ______ we spent together last year.
10.This/ The day is _______ we/I stayed in Beijing last year.
A. what B. that /which C. where D. when
答案:1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.D
三、巩固训练,从 A、B、C、D 中选出最佳答案
1. That is the reason _____ he gave us for carrying out the plan.
A. because B. why C. when D. which
2. Is this the place ______ Lenin once lived.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
3. Is this museum ___ they visited last month?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
4. Is this the museum ____ they visited last month?
A. when B. where C. which D. the one
5. Is this the factory __________ you worked three years ago?
A. that B. where C. / D. which
6. Is that museum _________ we went last year?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
7. This is the factory ______ we visited last year.
A. where B. that C. the one D. at which
8. This is the factory ______ my father is working at.
A. where B. which C. the one D. in which
9. This is the factory ________ produced color TV sets.
A. where B. / C. that D. in which
10. This is the factory __ __ color TV. sets are produced.
A. where B. / C. that









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