独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。

一、独立主格结构的构成形式

1、逻辑主语+V-ing

这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：

1. __________no bus, we had to walk home. 

A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was

2. _______no bus, we had to walk home. 

A. As there being B. As there was C. Being D. There was

3. _______Sunday, the library doesn't open. 

A. Being B. There being C. It being D. Having been

4. ______Sunday, the library doesn't open. 

A. As it being B. Being C. It is D. As it is

2、逻辑主语+V-ed

该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：

1. _________, the train started. 

A. The signal given B. Giving the signal B. The signal being given D. The signal giving

2. __________, the train started. 

A. After having given the signal B. After the signal given C. Giving the signal D. After the signal was given

3. _________, the text became easier for us to learn. 

A. Explaining new words B. New words explained C. Being explained new words D. Having explained new words

4. ______________, the text became easier for us to learn. 

A. When new words were explained B. Explaining new words B. New words explaining D. Being explained new words

3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）

该结构相当于一个未带动词的"主-系-表"结构。如：

1. ___________, the patient can leave the hospital. 

A. Better conditions B. Conditions better C. Conditions are better D. Being better conditions

2. _________, the patient can leave the hospital. 

A. If better conditions B. If conditions better C. If conditions are better D. Being better conditions

3. ________, we'd like to go outing. 

A. Being Sunday B. Sunday OK C. Sunday is OK D. If Sunday OK

4. ___________, we'd like to go outing. 

A. If Sunday is OK B. Sunday being OK C. Sunday OK D. A,B and C

5. _________, you can wait a while. 

A. The play being still on B. The play still on C Being still on the play D. A and B

6. _________, so you can wait a while

A. The play is still on B. The play being still on C. As the play is still on D. The play still on

4、逻辑主语+介词短语

该结构相当于不带动词的"主-系-介词短语"结构。如：

1. The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________. 

A. a sword in hand B. a sword in his hand B. Being a sword in hand D. sword in hand

2. The boy followed the nobleman here ___________. 

A. with a sword in his hand B. with a sword in hand C. with a sword being in hand D. a sword being in hand

3. He left the office, __________. 

A. tears being in eyes B. tears in eyes C. being tears in eyes D. with tears being in eyes

4. He left the office __________. 

A. with tears being in eyes B. with tears in her eyes C. being tears in eyes D. tears being in eyes

二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：

1、原因状语

该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：

1. ________ no bus, we had to walk home. 

A. There being B. As there was C. There was D. A and B

2. _________Sunday, the library doesn't open. 

A. It being B. As it is C. Being D. A and B

3. ____________, I had to ask for two days' leave. 

A. Mother being ill B. Bother ill C. As mother was ill D. A,B and C

4. ____________, we have to work late into the night. 

A. The exam near B. The exam being near C. As the exam is near D. A,B and C

2、时间状语

独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句。如：

1. __________, the train started. 

A. The signal given B. After the signal was given C. Given the signal D. A and B

2. __________, the text became easier for us to learn. 

A. New words explained B. When new words were explained C. When teacher explained new words D. all above

3、条件状语

独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：

1. ___________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall. 

A. Weather permitting B. If weather permits C. If permitting D. A and B

2. _________, the patient will recover himself soon. 

A. If the treatment is in time B. The treatment in time C. The treatment being in time D. A,B and C

4、伴随状语

独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：

1. We have lessons every day, ___________. 

A. Sunday included B. Sunday including C. Sunday is including D. all the above

2. The boy fell asleep,___________. 

A. cap on head B. with a cap on head C. a cap on was on head D. all the above

3. Father came home,_________

A. a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed by a dog D. all the above

with + 复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法

Composed by Chinephone Lew

"with + 复合宾语"结构是指"with +宾语（名词或代词）+ 非谓语动词（分词、不定式）、介词短语、形容词或副词等"所构成的一种介词短语。该结构内部若是动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示将来（无论主动还是被动），则用不定式；若内部动词表示被动且属过去，则用过去分词；若内部动词表示持续主动动作，则用现在分词。该结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分：

1、原因状语

1. With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village. 

A. To guide B. Guiding C. Guided D. To have guide

2. With a lot of work_____, she doesn't have time to rest. A. to do B. to be done C. doing D. done

3. With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time. 

A. to work B. worked C. working D. Being working

2、时间状语

1. The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____. A. are on B. on C. to be on D. been on

2. With