Ⅰ、常见时态的一般用法

一、将来时

-Did you tell Julia about the result?

-Oh, no, I forget. I _____her now. (NMET2005Ⅲ)

A. will be calling         B. will call

C. call                         D. am to call

答案B。从题干得知我并未告知Julia结果，受对方启示，说话者现在临时想到要告知对方。

will\shall

do用作将来表说话者临时想到要干的某个动作，是说话者主观态度或看法。一般现在时、现在进行时、be

to do以及be going to均可用来表将来。

二、进行时

1.过去进行时

Susan decided not to work on the program at

home because she didn't want her parents to know

what she_____. (辽宁2005NMET)

A. has done         B. had done

C. was doing       D. is doing

答案C。从时态呼应上考虑，A和D均错；Susan不想让其父母知道她眼下正在干什么，便背着父母偷偷干。

过去某个时刻正在进行的动作用过去进行时；在口语中，说话者所说内容是非一定目的、随意的，亦常用过去进行时。

2.现在进行时

 Although the causes of cancer _____, we do

not yet have any practical way to prevent it.

(山东2006NMET)

A. are being uncovered

B. have been uncovering

C. are uncovering

D. have uncovered

答案A。此题考查状语从句中时态。主语causes of

cancer和谓语动词uncover存在动宾关系，故选用被动语态，排除选项B、C、D；致癌原因正被揭开，故选进行时的被动语态。

现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行，较一般现在时相比具有暂时性。

3.将来进行时

 At this time tomorrow ____over the

Atlantic.（北京2003NMET）

A. we're going to fly     B. we'll be flying

C. we'll fly                    D. we're to fly

答案B。明天此时我们正飞越大西洋。描述将来某个时刻正在发生的动作。

将来某个时刻正在发生的动作用将来进行时，注意时间暗示。

4.现在或过去完成进行时

 I won't tell the student the answer to the

math problem until he ____on it for more than an

hour. (湖北2006NMET)

A. has been working

B. will have worked

C. will have been working

D. had worked

答案A。在时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时，故排除选项B和C；据时态呼应规律排除选项D；学生一直在做数学练习，直到规定时间完毕教师才公布答案。

某个动作或过程过去已经开始，一直持续到说话时刻，有可能继续延续。因此，现在完成进行时仍带有进行时的持续性；某个动作或过程过去的过去已经开始，一直持续到过去某个时刻，有可能继续延续，用过去完成进行时。

三、一般过去时

 My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He

____there for a few months and then went to

America. (江西2006NMET)

A. worked                   B. would work

C. would be working     D. has been working

答案A。描述过去曾发生的事实，and then went也加以提示。

一般过去时表在过去某时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态或过去经常性习惯性动作，但现已不复存在，侧重描述过去事实，与现在没有联系。

四、完成时

1.现在完成时

 Customers are asked to make sure that they

____the right change before leaving the

shop.(重庆2006NMET)

A. will give           B. have been given

C. have given      D. will be given

答案B。考查宾语从句中时态兼语态。"找零"动作发生在"离开"之前，故用完成时。

 现在完成时表示某个动作或过程在过去某个时间已经开始，现在已经完成或可能继续延续下去。

2.过去完成时

 Father _____for London on business upon my

arrival, so I didn't see him. (福建2005NMET)

A. has left                 B. left

C. was leaving          D. had left

答案D。父亲去伦敦出差这一动作在我去看他之前已经发生，故我没见着他。

某个动作或过程在过去的过去已经完成，与现在没有联系。

3.将来完成时

 By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _____for

London to attend a meeting. (天津2005NMET)

A. will leave                B. leaves

C. will have left           D. left

答案C。等Jane回到家，她姑妈已离开去伦敦开会了。描述将来某一时刻前已完成的动作。

将来某一时刻前已完成的动作或过程用将来完成时。

五、一般现在时

 The father as well as his three children

____skating on the frozen river every Sunday

afternoon in winter. (辽宁2006NMET)

A. is going           B. go

C. goes                D. are going

答案C。描述现在习惯性动作使用一般现在时；此题还涉及主谓一致。

一般现在时表不受时限的客观存在、现在习惯性动作及现在状态或瞬间动作。

Ⅱ、常见时态的特殊用法

一、一般现在时表将来

 -What are you going to do this afternoon?

(重庆2005NMET)

-I'm going to the cinema with some friends. The

film____quite early, so we ____to the bookstore

after that.

A. finished; are going

B. finished; go

C. finishes; are going

D. finishes; go

答案C。按时间表、既定安排将要发生的动作用一般现在时表将来；事先计划将要干某个动作，用be

going to do。

一般现在时用于主句中可表示按计划或既定日程将要发生的某个动作，谓语动词常为位置移动动词。这种计划比较客观，不易更改，且较现在进行时表将来正式。

二、一般过去时表现在

 How I wish every family ____a large house

with a beautiful garden! （上海春2002NMET）

A. has                       B. had

C. will have               D. had had

答案B。此题考查虚拟语气的用法。与现在相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。

 一般过去时表现在用于表示与现在相反的假设，尤用于It's time… 、I wish…

和 I'd rather…从句中或表示婉转语气，常用动词为want \wonder\ hope\

think等。

三、将来时表计划或安排

 -_____leave at the end of this month.

-I don't think you should do that until

_____another job. (北京2006NMET)

A. I'm going to; you'd found

B. I'm going to; you've found

C. I'll; you'll find

D. I'll; you'd find

答案B。我打算月末离开，be going

to用以表示安排。工作确定以后再离开，故两个动作存在明显先后顺序，使用完成时。

除一般现在时和现在进行时可用于表示按计划、安排就要发生的动作外，be going

to以及be to亦有此种用法。在正式语体中常用be to，常见于be about to

do…when…结构之中，亦可用于状语从句中表将来；也可表注定、应该，还可表命令、禁止和宣布决定等。而be

going to还可表某种迹象暗示就要发生的动作。

 In a room above the store, where a

party____, some workers were busily seating the

table.(湖南2006NMET)

A. was to be held      B. has been held

C. will be held          D. is being held

答案A。此处be to do表计划、安排；主语为受动对象，故选用被动语态。

四、现在进行时

1.表将来

 - Are you still busy?

-Yes, I ______my work, and it won't take long.

(浙江2005NMET)

A. just finish

B. am just finishing

C. have just finished

D. am just going to finish

答案B。工作马上就好，finish为动态动词，用进行时表即将完成的动作。

现在进行时可表按照现在计划、安排近期内即将发生的动作，描写生动，值得期待；谓语动词多为go\come\leave\start等位置移动动词。也可带有其他情态意义，有时含"决心"，常用于否定句中。例：I

am not talking with her again. (=I won't talk with

her again.)

类似地，过去进行时也可表过去将来即将发生的动作。

2.用于描写

 Since I won the big prize, my telephone

hasn't stopped ringing. People _____to ask how I

am going to spend the money. (湖南2005NMET)

A. phone                     B. will phone

C. were phoning         D. are phoning

答案D。问我如何花这笔钱的电话一直响个不停，描述现阶段一直在进行的动作同时也暗示说话者不满。

现在进行时用于描写一种状态，显得生动，表示一种强烈感情色彩，常与频度副词always\