高考英语第二轮热点专题复习-名词性从句

考情分析

名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点也是热点。名词性从句相当于名词，可用作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。引导名词性从句的连接词有：连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which，有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等；连接副词：when, where, why, how，有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语；连接词：that, whether, if, as if，if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分；that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略。

名词性从句重点与难点：

一、that从句作主语和宾语时，常用it作形式主语，将从句放在句末

e.g. It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not.

She has seen to it that all the children are well taken care of.

二、that引导名词性从句的省略情况

1、that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不能省略。

e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

2、that引导宾语从句时一般可省略，但在以下几种情况中不能省略。

1）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时不能省略；

2）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时不能省略； 

3）当that作介词宾语时不能省略。

e.g. He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine 

Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. 

The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 

三、名词性从句中的语序

名词性从句中一律使用陈序语气。

e.g. He asked how much I paid for the violin.

四、名词性从句中的时态呼应

在名词性从句中，谓语动词的时态要与主句谓语动词的时态相一致。

e.g. As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when you will come and see him.

   He kept looking at her, wondering whether he had seen her somewhere.

   Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring?

五、名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用情况

1、在表示"命令、建议、坚持、要求"的名词性从句中，要用"should+动词原形"形式，should可以省略。

e.g. I made a suggestion that he (should) go there at once.

   I suggested that he (should) go there at once.

   The suggestion was that he (should) go there at once.

2、wish引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，分与现在、过去、将来相反三种情况。

e.g. I wish I were ten years younger.

   I wish you had posted the letter yesterday.

   I wish I would try again.

3、在句型"It + is/was + adj.+主语从句"中，如果形容词是important, strange, natural, necessary等，从句谓语部分要用"should+动词原形"形式，should可以省略。

e.g. It's strange that he (should) think so.

   It is necessary that he (should) go there at once.

六、引导同位语从句与定语从句的that的区别 

同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分且不能省略，同位语从句一般放在有具体含义的名词后，用以解释名词的含义或内容；而定语从句中的关系代词that在从句中充当主语或宾语，在充当宾语时常可省略，定语从句是对先行词的限定和修饰。

e.g. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 

The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.

七、引导名词性从句的that和what的区别

that 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义，只起连接作用, 且在宾语从句中有时可省略；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。

e.g. That he said so made us angry .

What he said at the meeting made us angry.

China is no longer what it used to be.

八、疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别

1、疑问词 + ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。

e.g. Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. 

Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.

2、no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

e.g. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. 

No matter what you do, you must do it well. 

方法技巧点拨

一、学习定语从句应达到的能力要求

1、掌握不同的连接词的用法。

2、能够区分四种名词性从句。

3、能够区分名词性从句和定语从句。

二、解题思路

高考中考查名词性从句时，经常考查连接词的选用。解题时应先判断从句的类型，然后判断从句是否缺少成分以及意义是否完整，最后根据引导名词性从句的连词的特点确定特定的连接词。

高考试题分析

1. ______ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. （2008山东）

A. It      B. This      C. What      D. As

 C she told me是插入语，可删除。what引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语。

2. The companies are working together to create ______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. （2008北京）

A. which           B. that            C. what          D. who

 C create后为宾语从句，从句中they hope是插入语，可删除，因为从句中缺少主语，所以用what引导该从句。

3. The last time we had great fun was ______ we were visiting the Water Park.（2008天津）

A. where        B. how         C. when         D. why

 C was后为表语从句，此处when与the last time相呼应，根据句意可排除其他选项。

4. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ______ he will do or think.(2008上海)

A. what      B. which      C. whom      D. that

 A 介词about后为宾语从句，从句中动词do与think缺少宾语，所以用what引导该从句；which"哪一个"、whom"谁"与句意不符，可排除；that引导宾语从句时不充当成分，也可排除。

5. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home. (2008浙江)

A. what      B. that      C. which      D. one

 A from后为宾语从句，从句中动词speak缺少宾语，所以用what引导该从句。

6.        is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（2008福建）

A. It  B. WhatC. As    D. Which

 B 从第二个is可知它的前面是主语从句，后面是表语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，所以用what引导；若去掉第二个is，则选A项。

7. When asked ______ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. （2008湖南）

A. what       B. why       C. whom       D. which

 A 此句中When asked =When they were asked，asked后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语所以用what引导该从句。

8. People in Chongqing are proud of    _   they have achieved in the past ten years. （2008重庆）

A. that       B. which      C. what      D. how

 C 介词of后为宾语从句，此处用what引导宾语从句，在从句中充当宾语。

9. Students are always interested in finding out ______ they can go with a new teacher. （2008安徽）

A. how far        B. how soon       C. how often      D. how long

 A finding out后为宾语从句，根据句意只能用how far"到什么程度或范围"引导该从句。

10. Tomorrow is Tom's birthday. Have you got any idea       the party is to be held? （2008陕西）

A. what    B. which    C. that    D. where

 D idea后为同位语从句，表示idea的具体内容，根据句意从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where引导。

11. It has been proved ______ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008上海)

A. if       B. because      C. when      D. that

 D 该句中it是形式主语，所填选项引导真正的主语从句，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接词，所以用that引导。

12. ______ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (2008浙江)

A. Anyone       B. The one      C. Whoever      D. Who

 C 所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当主语，可排除A、B两项；who可用来引导主语从句且充当主语，但who表示疑问语气，与句意不符，故可排除；所以此处用whoever引导主语从句，相当于anyone who，此时anyone用作先行词，who引导定语从句。

13. The news _____ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday's newspaper. (2008上海春招)

A. which                B. whether                C. what                 D. that

 D news后为同位语从句，表示news的具体内容，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接词，所以用that引导。

14. ______ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008上海春招)

A. What                 B. Which               C. Whether              D. That

 A 所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当介词about的宾语，所以用what引导。

15. Could I speak to______ is in charge of International Sales, please? (2007山东)

A. anyone       B. someone    C. whoever      D. no matter who

 C to后为宾语从句，此处用whoever引导宾语从句，在从句中充当主语，此时whoever=anyone who；no matter who只能用于引导让步状语从句。

16. ____ matters most in learning English is enough practice. （2007全国II）

A. What      B. Why     C. Where     D. Which

 A所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当主语，所以用what引导。

17. He didn't make ______ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津)

A. this      B. that      C. it      D. these

 C 此处用it作形式宾语，when and where the meeting would be held作真正的宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是从句时，一般用先行代词it作形式宾语，而将从句放在补语的后面。

18. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is. (2007天津)

A. what       B. which       C. how        D. where

 A 此处用what引导宾语从句，在从句中充当表语。which引导宾语从句时意为"哪一个"，表示选择；how引导宾语从句时意为"如何"；where引导宾语从句时意为"在……地方"，均与句意不符。

19. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (2007上海)

A. That  B. What    C. Whether      D. Where

 B所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当宾语，所以用what引导。

20. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. (2007江苏)

A. what     B. why     C. how       D. whether

 A on后为宾语从句，此处用what引导宾语从句，在从句中充当介词for的宾语。

21. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That's ______ the best jobs are. (2007浙江)

A. where        B. what         C. when       D. why

 A That's后为表语从句，此处where与downtown相呼应，根据句意可排除其他选项。

22. It is none of your business        other people think about you. Believe yourself. (2007 福建)

A. how     B. what      C. whichD. when

 B 该句中it作形式主语，what引导主语从句。该主语从句还原为疑问句应为"What do other people think about you?"。

23. Having checked the doors were closed, and ______ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (2007湖南)

A. why         B. that        C. when         D. where

 B 所填选项引导宾语从句，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接词，所以用that引导。

24. You can only be sure of ______ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future.（2007安徽）

A. that; what      B. what; /       C. which; that     D. /; that

 B of后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以用what引导；something后接定语从句，可以省略作宾语的关系词that。

25.       parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (2007陕西)

A. That  B. Which  C. What      D. As

 C所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当say和do的宾语，可排除A、D两项；which引导宾语从句时意为"哪一个"，表示选择，与句意不符，故选C。

26. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is "programmed" to make us do so. （2007上海）

A. when 　　 B. why        C. whether      D. that

 D is后为表语从句，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接词，所以用that引导。

27. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of ______ you read. (2007上海春招)

A. that    B. what      C. which   D. whether

 B of后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，可排除A、D两项；which引导宾语从句时意为"哪一个"，表示选择，与句意不符，故选B。

提升训练

1. Please remind me ______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. 

A. where       B. when         C. how       D. what

2. Engines are to machines ______ hearts are to animals.  

A. asB. that         C. whatD. which

3. I just wonder ______ that makes him so excited.   

A. why it does      B. what he does      C. how it is       D. what it is

4. One advantage of playing the guitar is ______ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. 

A. how    B. why      C. that    D. when

5. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ______ his teammates had done. 

A. what    B. which    C. why    D. while

6. -- It's thirty years since we last met.

   -- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ______  we got lost on a rainy            night.  

 A. which          B. that          C. what          D. when

7. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class ______ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.  

A. whyB. that 　C. where   D. because

8. These shoes look very good. I wonder ______.  

A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost

C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost

9. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.

  A. asB. whichC. what D. that

10. Along with the letter was his promise ______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

  A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether

11. The advice ______ I should take some medicine sounds good.  

A. which    B. that       C. /     D. what

12. The problem is ______ he has enough time.

   A. if        B. whether       C./        D. that

13. --All the building materials have been washed away.

--So I have heard. But there was no sign ______ a heavy rain was on the way last night.

A. when        B. that       C. which      D. if

14. It is necessary that a college student ______ at least a foreign language. 　　

A. should master      B. masters     C. mastered       D. will master

15. Chances are high ______ China and Russia will make an agreement to build an oil pipeline.

A. when       B. where     C. that     D. which

16. He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly ______.

A. where he had paid for it        B. what he had paid for it

C. what he was paid for it         D. which he had paid for it

17. ______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 

A. Who　       B. The one       C. Anyone       D. Whoever

18. The infrastructure of a country is _______ makes everything run smoothly.

A. how        B. which         C. that        D. what

19. Maria has to baby-sit. That's______ she can't come with us.

 A. why        B. how        C. when       D. what

20. What the doctors really doubt is ______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.  

A. when       B. how      C. whether     D. why

21. A modern university has been set up in  _____ used to be a deserted land.

A which      B. that 　　  C. what 　　D. where

22. I don't doubt ______ he'll come.

A. that B. how C. whether D. what

23. After ______ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.

A. which  　   B. it       C. that　         D. what

24. Have you seen Henry lately? My boss wants to know ______.

A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting along

C. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along

25. After 15 years, she changed a lot and looked quite different from ______ she used to be.

A. that           B. whom         C. what          D. who

26. I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full.  

A. it         B. that        C. this         D. them

27. The reason why she couldn't come to the meeting was ______ she had not been invited.

 A. because       B. which       C. that        D. why

28. ______ really surprised me most was the suggestion that he ______. 

A. What; had made          B. That; should make

C. What; should make        D. That; had made 

29. --Does it matter much ______ the sales manager won't attend the meeting tomorrow?

--I've no idea.

A. if      B. what      C. when      D. that

30. You are saying that the fight against cyber crimes like "Yanzhao Men" requires great effort, and this is ______ I quite agree..

A. how          B. what          C. where         D. why

Keys:

1-5 BCDCA    6-10 BBCCB   11-15 BBBAC   16-20 BDDAC

21-25 CADAC     26-30 ACADC