高考英语第二轮热点专题复习-非谓语动词 

规律方法

1．考查立意较低，主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。

2．设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。

命题趋势

不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出"情景化"和"设问角度的多样化"的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。

突破方法

1．非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点，切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：

① 具有句子结构的知识，要分得清简单句与复合句，陈述句与祈使句。

② 具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。

③ 具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词，双宾动词和复宾动词。一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸。

④ 具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析30词左右长度的复合长、难句。

2．理解分析非谓语动词的句法功能，重点掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的区别；不定式、分词作补语的区别；不定式、分词作状语的区别；独立主格的用法；不定式、分词作定语的区别。

3．解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。一般要遵循以下解题思路：

① 解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）；

② 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；

③ 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；

④ 将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。

知识清单

清单一  非谓语动词的句法功能

名称主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语

不定式√√√√√√

动名词√√√√

现在分词√√√√

过去分词√√√√

清单二  分词、不定式作宾补用法要点

一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别

1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如：

I heard her sing an English song just now. 

刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。

I heard her singing and English song when I passed by her room yesterday.

昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。

I heard the English song sung many times.

我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。

注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如：

I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)

I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)

2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保留了原来之义"留下"，但表达的确切之义应是"使……处于某种状态）。

leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事

（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）

leave sth. undone 留下某事未做

（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）

leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事

leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做

（不定式表示将来的动作。）

如：It's wrong of you to leave the machine running. 

你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行）

The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn't taste delicious. 

客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被动，完成）

He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 

他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来）

We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 

我们匆匆忙忙导结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来）

3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中heave, get 表示"使、让、叫"之意。

① have sth. done = get sth. done "使/让某事由别人去做"（叫/让某人做某事）。如

I'll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.

此外，have sth. done 还表示"使遭受……"之意。如

Tom had his leg broken while playing football.

Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 

② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）

get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来

如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 

农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。

The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 

休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。

注意："have sb. doing"若用于否定句中，其中have 有"容忍"之意。如：

I won't have you speaking to your parents like that.

我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。

Don't have the water running all the time. 

不要让水流个不停。

③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事

如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 

I can't get him to stop smoking. He won't listen to me. 

二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语：

advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on 等。如：

① An army spokesman stressed that all thd soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots. 

② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.

③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门

下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：

它们是"吾看三室两厅一感觉"--5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, lave 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。如：

At that time, I found him crying in the street. 

He was caught stealing. 

I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 

The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 

清单三  不定式、分词作定语用法要点

一、不定式作定语

1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：

The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 

There is nothing to worry about. 

Please give me a knife to cut with.

Here is some paper for you to write on.

但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：

He had no money and no place to live (in).

We found a way to solve this problem (in).

2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：

Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？

（不定式to send 的动作执行者是"你"）

Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？

（不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是"我"或"别人"）

3．用不定式作定语的几种情况：

不定式表将来：

I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 

用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如：

He was the best man to do the job.

She was the first woman to sin the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 

Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. 

用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如：

Do you have the ability to read and write English ?

I have to chance to go sight -seeing. 

二、分词作定语

1．作定语的及物动词分词形式为：V -ing; being + 过去分词；过去分刻画 。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用V -ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。例如：

The houses being built are for the teachers. 

The broken glass is Tom's. 

I have never seen a more moving movie. 

2．作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：V -ing 和过去分词。V -ing 表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：

falling leaves 正落的叶子           fallen leaves 落下的叶子

boiling water 正沸腾的水           boiled water 沸腾过的水（白开水）

三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别

这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。如：

Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?

He is man loved and respected by all. 

Don't use words, expressions, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. 

现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：

Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students. 

不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：

The question to be discussed at the tomorrow's meeting is a very important one. 

清单四  不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点

一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：

决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。

主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help 

此外，afford, strive 等也要用不定式作宾语。例如：

① She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

② We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.

③ In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state - run companies are striving to make their products more competitive. 

二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：

考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。

consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can't help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk 

此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。

① The squirrels was lucky that if just missed being caught. 

② I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocena in five days. 

③ I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 

三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。

1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事          forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事

remember to do sth. 记住去做某事         remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事

regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事        regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事

stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事        stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情

try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事            try doing sth. 尝试着做某事

mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事       mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)

can't help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事      can't help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事

例如：

① She reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. 

② - The light in the office is still on. 

- Oh, I forgot to turn it off. 

③ - I usually go there by train. 

- Why not try going by boat for a change ?

④ - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. 

- Well, now I regret having done that. 

2．动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。如：

I like swimming, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.

I'd like to go swimming this weekend. 

3．在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：

allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth. 

allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth. 

如：We don't allow smoking here. 

We don't allow students to smoke. 

4．动词need, require, want 作"需要"解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表"需要"，require 表"要求"，want 表"想要"这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：

need / require / want doing / to be done 

need / require / want sb. to do sth. 

be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)        be worth doing 

be worthy of being done        be worthy of + n. 值得……         be worthy to be done 

如：The window needs / requires / wants cleaning. 

The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.

窗户需要擦一下。

The place is worth visiting. 

The place is worthy of a visit. 

The place is worthy of being visited. 

The place is worthy to be visited. 

那个地方值得一去。

如：① only one of these books is worth reading. 

② - What do you think of the book ? 

- Oh, excellent, It's worth reading a second time. 

四、动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等词的宾语时，前面常带wh - 引导词。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不带to 的不定式。

注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：

He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)

I don't know what to do. ( = I don't know what I'll do.)

Can you tell me why do it ?

五、动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在can't choose but, can't help but, can't but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：

We could do nothing but / other than wait. 

We had nothing to do but / other than wait. 

We have no choice but to wait. 

I can't choose but laugh. 

清单五  不定式、分词作状语用法要点

一、不定式作状语

He sat down to have a rest. (表目的)

They went there to visit their teacher. 

他们去那里拜访老师。（表目的）

He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. 

他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果）

My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. 

我祖母活到亲眼见到中国解放。（表示结果）

在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：

I am very glad to see you. 我非常高兴地见到你。

I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。

在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：

He was too excited not to say a few words. 

他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。

He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。

She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。

注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to (为了) 或so as to (以便) + 动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。

He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 

他早起为了赶上第一班车。

The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 

汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。

To look at him, you would like him. (表条件)

To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me. 

To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修饰全句，独立成分)

二、分词作状语

1．分词作状语形式的选择

形式意义

V + ing (doing)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生。

having + V + ed

(having done)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。

V + ed (done)与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。

being + V + ed

(being done)与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。

having been + V +ed

(having been done)与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。

2．分词作状语的基本原则

分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。

3．分词作状语的句法功能

分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。如：

Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)

Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间)

Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)

Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件)

The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)

The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况)

4．独立成分作状语

有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：

Generally speaking … 一般说来

Frankly speaking … 坦白地说

Judging from … 根据……来判断

Considering … 考虑到……

To tell you the truth … 说实话

清单六  非谓语动词其它用法

一、疑问词 + 不定式结构

疑问词（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，这个结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。如：

I didn't know what to do. (宾语)

When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主语)

My question was how to get so many books. (表语)

注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?

二、不定式的主动和被动

1．不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：

Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ?

(A knife cuts the watermelon.)

2．不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。如：

She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)

I know what to do. (I do what.)

3．不定式作表语形容词的关语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 。如：

This book is difficult to understand. 

This kind of fish is nice to eat. 

4．在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如：

There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )

There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )

请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点：

There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味。)

There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)

三、不定式符号to 的保留问题

有时为了避免重复，可以用to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。

如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been，这些词要保留。如：

I haven't been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. 

- Are you on holiday ? 

- No, but I'd like to be. 

- I didn't tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那个消息。

- Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本应该告诉他的。

四、动名词作主语

动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。

It is / was no use / good + doing sth. 

It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.

It is / was of little use / good + doing sth. 

It is / was useless 

如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。

It is of little good staying up too late every day. 

每天都熬夜没有什么好处

若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。

Seeing is believing. 

To see is to believe. 

眼见为实。

五、注意以下表达的意义区别

falling leaves 正在下落的树叶           fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶

boiling water 沸腾的水                 boiled water 烧开过的水

developing countries 发展中国家         developed countries 发达国家

I like swimming, but I don't like to swim this afternoon. 

Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance. 

The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. ) 

看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。

His frightening shout scared the boys again. 

( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )

他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。

类似的还有：

an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音        an excited voice 兴奋的声音

a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情     a puzzled look 困惑的表情He 

He hunted all the shops, looking for a nice present for his girlfriend. 

(伴随)他找遍了所有的商店，为他的女友寻来一件精英的礼物。

He hunted all the shops to buy a nice present for his girlfriend. 

(目的)为给他的女友买一件精美的礼物，他跑遍了所有的商店。

I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech. 

(伴随)我昨晚睡得很晚，一直在准备演讲稿。

I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family. 

(目的)今天早晨我起得很早以便给家人准备早餐。

小试牛刀

试题（一）

1. As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends. 

A. separated      B. spared       C. lost       D. missed 

2. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. 

A. Having suffered      B. Suffering       C. To suffer        D. Suffered 

3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything. 

A. to tell       B. to be told      C. to be telling      D. to have been told 

4. I really appreciate _______ to relax with you on this nice island. 

A. to have had time       B. having time      C. to have time      D. to having time 

5. ______ at the door before entering, please. 

A. Knocked       B. To knock        C. Knocking      D. Knock 

6. Sandy could do nothing but _____ to his teacher that he was wrong. 

A. admit      B. admitted       C. admitting      D. to admit 

7. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ______ some schools for poor children. 

A. set up      B. setting up      C. have set up      D. having set up 

8. _____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. 

A. Giving       B. Give       C. Given        D. To give 

9. ______ from heart trouble for years, Professor white has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. 

A. Suffered       B. Suffering        C. Having suffered       D. Being suffered 

10. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state -run companies are striving _______ their products more competitive. 

A. to make       B. making       C. to have made      D. having made 

11. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour. 

A. waiting        B. to wait         C. wait         D. to be waiting 

12. When _____, the museum will be open to the public next year. 

A. completed        B. completing       C. being completed    D. to be completed 

13. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly -elected president is having a hard time. 

A. settled          B. settling        C. to settle        D. being settled 

14. The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be cone to change it.

A. begins       B. having begun       C. beginning        D. begun 

15. Having a trip abroad is certainly for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. 

A. to see       B. to be seen         C. seeing       D. seen 

 (二)

1. prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. 

A. are bought       B. bought         C. been bought      D. buying 

2. - Why did you go back to the shop ?

- I left my friend ______ there. 

A. waiting       B. to wait        C. wait          D. waits 

3. The manager, ______ his factory's products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. 

A. knowing       B. known       C. to know        D. being known 

4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ whether he was going in the right direction. 

A. seeing      B. having seen        C. to have seen       D. to see 

5. Mr Smith, ______ of the _____ speech, started to read a novel. 

A. tired; boring         B. tiring; bored       C. tired; bored      D. tiring; boring 

6. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen. 

A. smoke       B. smoking       C. to smoke        D. smoked 

7. The teacher asked us _____ so much noise. 

A. don't make    B. not make    C. not making        D. not to make 

8. _____ times, he'll make a first -class tennis player. 

A. Having given        B. To give       C. Giving       D. Given 

9. It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely _____ the reader. 

A. interested; interest          B. interesting; be interested 

C. interested; be interesting         D. interesting; interest 

10. The discovery of new evidence led to _____. 

A. the thief having caught          B. catch the thief 

C. the thief being caught           D. the thief to be caught 

11. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 

A. when taking       B. when taken       C. when to take        D. when to be taken 

12. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____ clear warnings before firing any shots.

A. to issue     B. being issued          C. to have issued        D. to be issued 

13. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. 

A. put         B. to be putting        C. to put       D. putting 

14. I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _____?

A. to be buying        B. to buy        C. for buying       D. bought 

15. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing. 

A. seat        B. seating       C. seated           D. to be seating 

（三）

1. ______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. 

A. To face     B. Having faced       C. Faced         D. Facing 

2. The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area. 

A. caused      B. to have caused        C. to cause         D. having caused 

3. ______, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. 

A. General speaking    B. Speaking general   C. Generally speaking   D. Speaking generally 

4. While watching television, _______. 

A. the doorbell rang             B. the doorbell rings

C. we heard the doorbell ring      D. we heard the doorbell rings 

5. "You can't catch me !" Janet shouted, ________ away. 

A. To have had      B. having had       C. Have         D. Having 

6. It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ________ the answers ready will be of great help. 

A. To have had       B. Having had       C. Have       D. Having

7. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _______ at the party, but not ______.

A. to arrive; leaving      B. to arrive; to leave 

C. arriving; leaving       D. arriving; to leave 

8. The prize of the game show is $ 30,000 and all expenses ______ vacation to China. 

A. paying       B. paid     C. to be paid     D. being paid 

9. I couldn't do my homework with all that noise _______.

A. going on       B. goes on        C. went on       D. to go on 

10. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it ______ often enough. 

A. explaining       B. to explain      C. explain       D. explained 

11. I don't want _______ like I'm speaking ill of anybody, but the manager's plan is unfair. 

A. to sound       B. to be sounded       C. sounding       D. to have sounded 

12. He got well -prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk ______ the good opportunity. 

A. to lose        B. losing       C. to be lost        D. being lost 

13. _______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 

A. Put        B. Putting         C. Having put       D. Being put 

14. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ______ a look at the sports stars. 

A. had      B. having       C. to have         D. have 

15. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _______ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. 

A. taking      B. taken       C. having taken       D. having been taken 

（四）

1. _______ such heavy loss, he businessman didn't have the courage to go on. 

A. Having suffered        B. Suffering       C. To suffer        D. Suffered 

2. With no rain for three months and food supplies ______ out, the stituation here is getting from bad to worse. 

A. run       B. running        C. to run       D. to be run 

3. Hill often attends public lectures at the University of London, chiefly _____ his English. 

A. to improve       B. improving        C. to have improved        D. improved 

4. Walking out of it with a ______ smile on his face, he turned ______ goodbye to his classmates in the classroom. 

A. forcing; to say    B. forced; to saying     C. forcing; to saying    D. forced; to say 

5. A remote -controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, _______ at least 12 people. 

A. having been injured      B. having injured      C. injuring        D. injured 

6. It is said that Barbara's sister fell off her bicycle on her way to school, _______ in the left leg. 

A. seriously damaging       B. hurting badly       C. breaking seriously      D. badly hurt 

7. - What's the matter with Tim ?

- Oh. Tim's cellphone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _____ again. 

A. to find      B. to be found        C. finding        D. being found 

8. The car burns more fuel, but ______ all things into consideration, it's still a good car. 

A. taken        B. having taken         C. taking        D. to take 

9. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _____, we refused the offer. 

A. not finishing    B. had not been finished    C. not having finished    D. not being finished 

10. The earthquake ______ the tsunami (海滩) happened deep under the sea, _____ more than 200,000 people. 

A. causing; killing      B. caused; killing       C. causing; killed      D. caused; killed 

11. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if _____ that he had something to tell the doctor. 

A. saying       B. having said       C. to say       D. to have said 

12. Though _____ natural resources, the area is well developed. 

A. lacked        B. lacking of      C. lacking        D. lacked in 

13. What worried me most was _____ to go abroad alone. 

A. my not allowing             B. having not allowed 

C. my being not allowed         D. my not being allowed 

14. It is silly of me ______ all eggs in one basket. That was the worst mistake I've ever made. 

A. to put      B. to have put        C. putting       D. having put 

15. My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _____ the filled bottles in boxes. 

A. to put       B. putting      C. having put       D. being put 

答案与解析

（一）

1、A从题意看，get应与一动词构成"get+过去分词"系表状态，而C项的lost与from又不能搭配，B、D 两项明显排除，故选A。动词与介词的习惯搭配运用也是需要掌握的基础知识中的一个重要内容，我们在培养新闻记者与理解能力的同进，还需要提高在交际中运用语言的准确性。

2、A题干中有一词already表明该支作已完成或已发生，故用完成式。四个选项均为同一动词，因此在词义上并无大的差异。应该通过分析题干句意，来考虑动词的不同非谓语形式的表达意思上的差别，而后做出选择。本句想要表达的意思是：河流已经遭受如引严惩的污染，现在要想清理也许太迟了。后面句子的动作发生在前面动词suffer行为之后，因此，所设空中应该选用表示"已经完成"状态的ing分词的完成式--Having suffered(选项A)。选项B（Suffering）为现在分词的一般形式，用来表示与句中主动词同时进行或存在的情况：

Suffering heavy pollution…=The river is to suffer…（将会污染，现在也不能说too late）;以上两种情况均不能满足题干本身需要表达的基本句意，即： "it may now be too late to clean up the river"。故B、C两项答案均应舍去。题干中already 也可起到重要的提示与限制作用。

选项D（Suffered）表示被动含义，因此也与句意不合，应能排除，但统计数据表明，错误选项中恰好该项干扰最大， 误选比率为22.5%。这说明仍有相当一些考生没能掌握分词的基本意义与运用。

3、D tell是及物动词，后面要接宾语。因为在这个句子 稻田 后面没有宾语，所以要用动词不定式。双因为知道了一切发生在告诉真相之前，所以要用动词不定式的完成式。这句话的意思是：一定要把一切告诉你妈妈。她看上去已经知道了一切事情。

4、B  appreciate  后接动名词作宾语。这句话的意思是：我真的喜欢和你一起在这个迷人的小岛上放松一下。

5、D本句考查祈使句的用法，祈使句为命令、建议、请求的句子。本句意为：请在进屋前先敲门。非谓语动词不可作谓语。

6、A该句中的but　是介词，后接动词不定式。当but前的句子中有实义动词do 的某种形式（do, does, did ,done）时，后接不带to有不定式；该语我谓语是could do nothing,要填动词原形admit.这句话的意思是：山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。

7、B to devote sth. to后接动词作宾语。实际上，all he had作devote的宾语，共中he had是一个定语从句。这句话的意思是：利德先生决定用自己所有的一切为贫困儿童建造几所学校。

8、B if you can 是条件状语从句。如果把这个句子转为简单句---blood and many lives will be saved,就可以确定这是一个"祈使句+and"的句型。

9、C for years是个重要的信息，因此用ing的完成式。

10、Ａ动词不定式作目的的状语，表示努力的目的。这句话的意思是：为了在国际市场上取得更大的份额，许多国有公司正努力使自己的产品具有竞争性。

11、Ａmean doing sth.　意思 是"意味着什么"。mean to do sht.的意思是"打算做什么"。这句话的意思是：在英国的某些地方，赶不上公共汽车意味着要再等一小时。

12、A complete与museum是动宾关系，要用过去分词completed 作状语，表示被动。这句话的意思是：当这座博物馆建成后，将在明年向公众开放。to be completed作目的状语，不与when连用。

13、C动词不定式to settled 作difficult problems定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settled 作定语表示已经解决的难题；现在分词的被动式eing settled作定语表示下在解决的难题。所提供的性境the newly-elected president is having a hard time 说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题，所以要用to settle作定语。

14、D once begun=once the research is begun,句意；这个研究项目如此设计，一旦研究开始，将无法改变它。

本题考查考生对句义的衔接以及连词once之后非谓语动词形式的掌握情况。Once 或者其他词如when, while ,since 等引导状语从句时，如果从句主语与主句主语一致，可以省略其中的主语和 be动词谓语结构，本题所给句子的英文句意为：

The research is so designed that once it(=the research)is begun nothing can be done to change it . 也就是：…once begun nothing can be done to change it.

15、B第一个it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是主语从句。 Remain在这儿是半系动词，"有待于被看"，所以应用不定式的被动式。句意：到国外走走对这老两口当然有好处，但他俩会不会喜欢这趟旅游尚不得而知。

本题设空处应为系动词remain的表语，句中使用了以it为形式主语的句式，设空之后的从句为真实主语。原句应理解为：Whether the old couple will enjoy a trip abroad remains ______.

remain 与其余三个选项所给出的非谓语动词形式都没有类似搭配用法。

（二）

1、B句子的主干是Prices…can be lower ,goods 和buy 关系为被动，表示通过电脑网上购买的商品，所以应选过去分词形式，构成的词组作定语。

2、A leave sb. /sb. doing 使……处于某状态，waiting作宾补。

3、A the manager是动词know逻辑上的主语，是主动关系。

4。D句意：我们跟踪的那个男人突然停了下来，看起来好像看看是不是走错了方向。As if表语从句的完整说法应是；…as if he wanted to see whether he was going in the right direction.

5、A 句意：Mr Smith听烦了乏味的演讲，读起了小说。下面这两个句子可帮助理解题干句：①Mr Smith was tired of the speech.②The speech was boring.

6、B smoking作主语补足语。注意并没有find sb .do sth.的说法。

本题设空处为if从句中主语（he=the cook）的补足语，结构较为复杂。原句可以转为复杂。原句可以转换为学生更为熟悉的主动语态结构：…if someone finds him ______in the kitchen.

谈及两个由不同的人施行的动作可以使用被宾语隔开的级阶动词（phase verb）,本题中我们需要分析的就是find和smoke这样两个动作之间的关系。

7、D本题考查不定式的否定形式作宾语。句意为：老师请我们不要制造很大噪音。

8、D本句考查非谓语动词作状语。本句意为：如果给他一些时间，他定会成为一句优秀网球选手。根据句意及非谓语动词与主语的逻辑关系，很容易排除 A B C三个选项。

9、D 此题考查的是interest的不同用法。动词interest表示"使……感兴趣"；现在分词形式interesting表示"对……感兴趣"，主语通常是人，。

10、C lead  to导致后接名词，因此排除B项。小偷被抓，排除A项。D项表示将被抓住的小偷，显然不合意。更正式的说法应是：the thief's being caught.

11、B 完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions,…。

12、A  order sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事。句意：一位军方发言人强调，在开枪射击之前，所有的士兵都曾被命令过要发出明确的警告信号。

13、D catch sb.doing sth.正巧碰（抓住）某人做某事。

14、B to buy作anything 的定语。

15、C seat用作及物动词时，是"给某人座位，让人坐"的意思，这一点与sit（不及物动词，坐）截然不同。句意：飞机着陆的时候，飞行员要求所有的乘客坐在座位上。这里可用sitting 代替seated.

（三）

1、C face sb. with sth.:( often passive,be faced with/by) to show someone has to deal with something bad or unpleasant.这里题干的主语为Arnold决定征求老板的建议。根据动词face的用法及句意可推断主句主语与face在逻辑上为被动关系，故排除A、B、D三项。

2、D 不定式作结果状语往往引出"出科意料"的结果，暴风雨带来的危害显然不是意料之外的事情，故C项不对。本句这样表述可能更容易理解：The storm, having caused a lot of damage to this area ,left.或者：Having caused a lot of damage to this area, the storm left.显然，题干句的说法避免了"头重脚轻"的现象。句意：这次暴雨给本地带来了很大危害后，停止了。

3、C本题考查分词短语。Generally speaking为分词作状语，意为"一般说来。"

4、C 本题灵活考查分词作状语的用法。分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语一般与句子的主语一致。但当分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，分词要使用独立主格结构。根据分词没使用独立主格结构可以判断出句中分词watching的逻辑主语为指人的词，故淘汰A、B两项。虽然C、D两项句子中的主语都是指人的词，但D 项中作宾补的rings 应为原形动词，故淘汰D项，选择C项。

5、B本题考查分词作伴随状语。动词run与主句主语为主动关系，且表伴随，所以用running.

6、D 本题考查动名词作主语。A、B两项表示已完成的动作，而句意只是强调一个一般性的动作，因此淘汰A、B两项，又因原形动词在句意只构成祈使句。不能作句子的主语，因此淘汰C项。句意为：为参加应聘做好准备很有必要。把回答的内容光焕发准备好大有帮助。

7、D本题材考查remember 后宾语动名词和宾语不定式用法的区别。在remember,forget,regert 动词后执着不定式表示将来的动作，而后接动名词时，表示已完成的动作。句意为：当警察向他询问时，他说他记得已到了晚会现场但没有离开。

8、B本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：这次比赛的奖励为3万美元的奖金及已全额负清的去中国度假的费用。由句子结构可以分析出空格处的非谓语动词与后面的vacation toChina构成短语作expenses的后置定语。由play 与expense构成动宾关系可淘汰A项，B项表被动完成，C项表被动将来，D项表进行被动。根据句意选择B项。

9、A本题考查"with+宾语+补语"结构作伴随状语。由分析出空格处为补语成分需用非谓语动词而淘汰B、C两项。虽然A、D两项都可以作补语但两者所表示的时间不同，A项中的going on表示正在进行，而to go on表示将来的动作，又因是作伴随状语，因此选择A淘汰D项。

10、D it指的是the traffic rule，它与explain是被动关系，排除A、C。B项形式上就不对。这里应选D，have sth. done使/让/请别人做某事的意思。

11、A本题学生容易误选答案B。五个感官系动词look ,sound, taste, feel, smell不用被动形式。

12、B risk=①expose( sb.oneself )to danger使（某人/自己）面临危险②accept the possibility of (sth.)甘愿承受可能发生的（某事）；risk后常跟ing形式作宾语，而不跟不定式，排除A、C项；此处无被动意义，故B正确。

13、A 主句主语the hot line 与put into use逻辑上为被关系，排除B、C、D项表示正在进行的被动与句意不符。句意：2004年4月投入使用的这条热线，是为居民修水管道而设的。

14、C此处用不定式表目的。句意：球迷们为了看一眼那些运动名星，在体育馆外等候了三个小时，这真是不可思议。

15、A本句考查非谓语动词的用法。句子的主语people与take 是主动关系，故排除B面及D项；'having taken  是 ing 形式的完成式，表示这一动作发生在谓语动作 之前，显然，此句中谓语sign up 与take 无先后关系，故排除C项。

（四）

1、A分词作状语。C项不定式表示将要发生的动作，不合题意，首先排除。当分词与主句的主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，状语用现在分词，排除D项。句意：这位生意人因先遭受了重大损失，继而失去了把生意进展下去的勇气。当分词的动作或状态先于主句谓语动词而发生时，应使用现在分词的完成式having done来表示，因此，排除B项。

2、B本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。Run out是不及物性质的动词短语，应用现在分词作宾补，过种过种中。句意：三个月没有下雨，食品也快用完了，这里的局势越来越严峻了。

3、A不定式表目的。这句话的意思是：Hill经常参加伦敦大学的公开课，主要为了提高英语水平。

4、D句意：当他强作欢颜走出教室时，他回头向教室里的同学道别。A forced smile(force a smile)强作笑颜；turn to 表示"向某人求助"，"改变" 含义 时， to 是介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词。如:They can't make money out of sheep ,so they turn to keeping deer.但当turn 表示"回头做某事"时，其后跟动词不定式，故选D。

5、C 分词作状语。分词与主句的主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，排除A、D两项。根据句意，炸弹爆炸，结果导致至少12人受伤，因此B项在动作顺序上有误。

6、D句意：据说Barbara的姐姐在上学的路上从自行车上摔了下来，左腿伤得很重。首先排除A、C两项，因不符合习惯用法。Hurt为及物动词，故应先D这个过去分词短语作结果状语。

7、B不定式表结果。never,only加不定式，常常表示与主观愿望相差很远的结果。To be found为不定式的被动形式。

8、C 独立成分作状语。注意有些分词短语，其形式是固定的，不受上下文影响的，因此被称为独立成分。句意：这辆汽车耗油量较大，便是综合整体情况来看，它仍不失一辆好车。

9、D 分词的独立主格结构作状语。句意：Walter下班时主动提出让我们搭他的车，但是因为我们的工作尚未完成，我们拒绝了他的好意。our work 各finish之间应为被动关系，故排除A、C。连词but连接的句子是we refused the offer,因此应使用非谓语形式仍状语，故排除B。当分词带有自己的逻辑主语，和主句主语不一致时，我们将它称之为独立主格结构。

10、A句意：引发海啸的地震发生在深海，已经导致20多万人死亡。Causing the tsunami作后置定语，修饰 the earthquake ,因为它们之间为逻辑上的主谓的主谓关系，故应用现在分词表示，排除B、D。killing more than200,000people为分词结果状语，因为与主语之前仍为逻辑上的主谓关系，故排除D。

11、C as if to do sht.为固定用法。句意：这个人睁开了眼睛，动了动嘴唇，好象想要说他有事要告诉医生。

12、C lacking为现在分词与though连用作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句:Though the area lacks natural resources.解此题的关键还要掌握lacd一词的用法：lacd sth.(lack为及物动词)； for lack of (lack 为名词);be lacding in（lacking 为形容词）。该题句意为：尽管缺乏自然资源，该地区仍很发达。

13、D 句意：最让我担心的事是我不会被允许单独出国。考查非谓语动词作表语，根据句意，应为被动，故排除A、B两项。否定副词not 应置用非谓语动词前，故选D。

14、B此题易误选A。后句语境提示 That was the worst misktake,说明这一动作发生在过去，故应用不定式完成式表示动作已发生。句意：把所有的鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里，我真是太蠢了。这是这所犯过的最糟糕的一个错误。

15、A此句可先去掉句中插入的定语从句简化句子后解题，这样可以更容易地发现句中含有一个对称结构， to wash bottles和填入的to  put…，不定式作表语。句意：我的工作是清洗瓶子--这些瓶子稍后会装入酒，或者是把装好洒的瓶子装箱。