高考英语最后五天必看考点
最可能考的几个情态动词
考频第一名:must/may/ could/ought to …+ have done
“情态动词+完成形式”是高考中很常见的一类题目,需要注意:不同情态动词与完成形式搭配时表示的不同含义。
【例1】(2005年江苏卷)---- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild
animals for 13 years before she returned.
---- Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties!
A.may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
答案:D
试题解析:检查考生对情态动词表示判断的掌握和运用能力。首先,对过去发生事情的判断用情态动词+完成形式;其次,ought to have done
表示“本应该……”,即事情没有做,所以不符合语境。must have done 表示“肯定……”。
【例2】(2008年山东卷)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we
___ it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have
managed
答案:B
试题解析:前句中有last week 这个时间状语,可判断动作发生在过去,结合句意,用could have done 表示原本能够做某事。
考频第二名:can
can 常用于表示“能够”,说明具有做某事的能力,但在近几年的高考中,can 常考的类型是用于表示可能性的“有时可能会”。
【例1】(2008年福建).It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ____be
rather cold sometimes.
A. must B. can C. should D. would
答案:B
试题解析:这道题目的题干部分有对一般情况的说明,用“usually”和“at
times”表示,说明通常情况之外,有时候会出现某些可能,所以都用到“can”来表示有时可能会。
考频第三名:should
【例1】(2008年上海卷)According to the air traffic rules, you _____ switch off
your mobile phone before boarding.
A. may B. can C. would D. should
答案:D
试题解析:此句中的should 表示这样做是最好的,
考频第四名: needn’t
【例1】(2004年江苏卷)--- I don't mind telling you what I know.
--- You . I'm not asking you for it.
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn’t
答案:D
试题解析:考情态动词。前句话说:我不介意告诉你我所知道的事。后句说:你没有必要告诉我,我并没有向你问此事。此时说没有必要,不表禁止,所以选D。
最可能考的几种非谓语动词
考频第一名:过去分词充当定语和状语
【例1】(2004年江苏卷)A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder
last night.
A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted
答案:C
试题解析:此题四个选项都是过去分词,空格中缺定语,所以是过去分词作定语,表被动和完成。合理句意应是:一个人生在接受(警察)有关昨晚故意杀人事件的询问,attempt是“倾向,有意,企图“的意思,an
attempted murder意为“有企图或有预谋的杀人”,故选C。空内所填的词应与murder有动宾关系。又如:a delayed
flight(一次被推迟的航班),a newly-built
park(一个新建的公园),人们可以推迟航班,新建公园,企图谋杀。其余三项均无法构成与murder的合理的动宾关系,故排除。
【例2】(2005年江苏卷)________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were
finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
答案:B
试题解析:检查考生对非谓语动词的掌握和运用能力。首先,表示“失踪”用be lost;其次,语境中for a
week,表示完成概念,所以用过去分词。
考频第二名:非谓语动词的完成形式
分词的完成式常体现在不同的非谓语动词形式中,常见的有having done, to have done
【例1】 The old man, ____________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back
to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
答案:D
试题解析:本题考非谓语动词的完成形式。句中两个逗号中间的内容应是时间状语,故全句解释为:在国外工作了二十年后,这位老人(已动身)正在归国途中。不定式作状语,多表目的和结果,不合句意,排除A、C,分词作状语可表时间、方式、伴随。此处是已完成的主动的动作,不是正在进行当中的主动动作,所以排除B,选D,现在分词完成式表主动和完成(到谓语发生时,非谓语的动作已完成)。
最可能考的定语从句
考频第一名:非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是高考的常见类型题,处理这类题目时,首先需要能准确辨别是否是定语从句,其次,判断出先行词部分,另外,还应注意考察部分是否存在其他考察内容。如:
【例1】(2007年江苏卷)He was educated at the local high school, _______he went on
to Beijing University.
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
答案:A
试题解析: 此句显然考察定语从句,关键在于介词与从句的搭配,从句意来判断,用after which引导定语从句,which指上面的句子He was
educated at the local high school,表示“在当地高中受教育后上了北京大学”。
【例2】(2008年北京卷)I will give you my friend’s home address, ________ I can be
reached most evenings.
A. which B. when C. whom D. where
答案:D
试题解析:句中的非限制性定语从句的形式决定了关系词不可能用到that,要求学生能准确判断先行词与定语从句的关系,句子应该理解为:“大多数晚上都能在这个地址找到我。”
考频第二名:分隔性定语从句
由于此类句式中先行词与定语从句被一些成分隔开,处理分隔性定语从句时,要点在于要能清楚认识到先行词究竟是哪部分。如:
【例1】Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ¬¬¬________
consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(2007江西卷)
A. where B. when C. who D. which
答案:A
试题解析:定语从句的先行词应为“cases”,句子表示:在这些案件中,顾客的抱怨导致了法律的改变。case常用于固定短语in this
case中,所以,空格部分可填where 或 in which。
【例2】For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further,
________ New York is an example. (2007四川卷)
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
答案:C
试题解析:定语从句的先行词与定语从句距离较远,实为“cities”,结合非限制性定语从句和关系代词做介词宾语两点考虑,关系代词应该使用which,再结合句意判断出,New
York 是世界上许多城市中的一个。因此,介词选用of.
最可能考的名词性从句
名词性从句在高考中各类题型中经常出现,以下几种从句为常考类型,值得关注。
考频第一名:what 引导的名词性从句
【例1】(2007年山东卷)_________ was most important to her, she told me, was her
family.
A. It B. This C. What D. As
答案:C
【例2】The companies are working together to create ______ they hope will be
the best means of transport in the 21st century.(2008 北京卷)
A. which B. that C. what D. who
答案:Cwww.rr365.com
试题解析:两句中的what分别出现在主语从句和宾语从句中,需要注意的是第一句不是定语从句,不能误选As选项;第二句不能被they hope
干扰,而that 在名词性从句中只能起到连接作用,不能充当句子成分。学生应牢记:what
在名词性从句中能够充当句子中的某个成分:主语,宾语,表语…,例如以上两句中的what 都充当了从句中的主语成分。
考频第二名:where 引导的名词性从句
【例1】(2005年江苏卷)The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should
be ____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
答案:C
试题解析:检查考生对逻辑关联用语的掌握和运用能力。第一空为介词+关系代词引导定语从句,表示桥在什么地方建;第二空为表语从句,表示地点,所以用连接词where。
最可能考的几种特殊句式
英语中的特殊句式包括倒装句、强调句、省略句。近几年的高考中,以下几种题型值得关注。
考频第一名:It is/was …that… 构成的强调句
【例1】(2008年天津卷)It was along the Mississippi River ______ Mark Twain spent
much of his childhood.
A. how B. which C.that D.where
答案:C
试题解析:这句话是对句中的地点状语成分along the Mississippi River进行强调说明,因此状语被放到了it
is/was与that之间,表示马克吐温是在密西西比河沿岸度过了大半的童年时光。
【例2】It ________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _______ I
found we had a lot in common. (2007浙江卷)
A. was until; when B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
答案:D
试题解析:这句话显然是对句中的时间状语until we had stayed for a couple of
weeks进行强调说明,因此强调句的关系词it is…that…应该首先被考虑,A、C两个选项有when不能选,同时,表示“直到…才…”的句型是“not…until….”。所以选择D。
考频第二名:only 置于句首时构成的倒装句式
【例1】It was announced that only when the fire was under control _______to return to their homes.(2007江西卷)
A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted
C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted
答案:C
试题解析:这个句子里的宾语从句有only引导的时间状语置于句首时,句子主句部分应构成部分倒装句。同时根据句义能够判断出主句的时态不可能发生在the fire was under control之前,过去完成时显然不对。
【例2】 ______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and
stay healthy.(2008江苏卷)
A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D.
Unless;you will
答案:A
试题解析:这里的only 引导的是句中的条件状语if you eat the correct
foods,并置于句首,应该构成倒装。Unless引导的句子则不需要构成倒装,所以C和D选项都不对。
考频第三名:否定词位于句首时构成的倒装句式
【例1】(2008年辽宁卷)Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason,
and ________.
A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I
答案:B
试题解析:该句中已给的提示部分有否定词not 的存在,这里需要利用的是“neither
+助动词+主语”结构来表示”某人、某物也不…”。而either不能表示这个意义,且不能构成倒装。
【例2】(2006年安徽卷)Never in my wildest dreams these people are living in
such poor conditions.
A. I could imagine B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine D. couldn’t I imagine
答案:B
试题解析:因为有never的存在,选项中显然不需要not重复表示否定意义,排除C和D。同时,never
本身是个完全否定词,放于句首时,句子需构成部分倒装。
考频第四名:So/Such…that… 构成的倒装句式
【例1】___________ that Marie was able to set up new branches
elsewhere.(2007年 陕西卷)
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
答案:B
试题解析:这是另一个不是因句首有否定词而需构成倒装的结构,即:当so/such…that…结构中,so/such
位于句首时,主句部分的谓语动词构成部分倒装,that从句部分不改变。
特别注意:倒装句是近年高考单选题中非常常见的一种类型题。考生首先应该能把部分倒装和完全倒装区分开。所谓部分倒装即把助动词、情态动词、be
动词放在主语前面,而保留主句谓语的剩余部分不变。在处理倒装句、强调句、省略句等特殊句式时,由于语序的变动,不少学生对此不熟悉,不习惯,建议可以先复原为陈述语序,再来做题。如:2007上海卷
Rarely did a debate attract so much media attention. 可复原为 A debate rarely
attracted so much media attention. 这种方法还可适用于被动句、疑问句、感叹句等。
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